ZX ASSEMBLER

INTRODUCTION

The aim of ZX ASSEMBLER is to simplify the whole process of
machine code programming on ZX computers. It provides
comprehensive, easy for use facilities whilst retaining a surprisingly
large amount of user-available RAM. The program occupies 7K and
locates itself at the top of memory: thus BASIC is very nearly the
same as without the ASSEMBLER present, enabling the use of
Assembly code subroutines within BASIC programs.


GENERAL DESCRIPTION

There are two main sections to the program:

(1)	The EDITOR/ASSEMBLER. You may enter and edit your
	assembly code with the EDITOR then assemble it with the
	ASSEMBLE command. The EDITOR has been designed specially
	for the entering of assembly code: it employs up and down
	screen scrolling; search for a string; allows insertion/deletion of
	lines/characters; auto-repeat on all keys; label indentation system
	& cursor up, down, left and right. It will allow up to 31 characters
	per line. The ASSEMBLER is highly versatile: it provides for
	full mnemonic and label assembling, allows entry of numbers
	in hex and decimal, and it allows entry of text and comments.

(2)	The MONITOR. This provides facilities to test debug and run
	your machine-code program. It also provides a number of useful
	subroutines (such as Keyboard input, print on screen ... etc.

This manual is intended to explain how to operate the EDITOR/
ASSEMBLER and MONITOR, also giving tips and routines for
beginners, and a list of Z80 instruction sets.

ZX ASSEMBLER is a powerful piece of software and used correctly
could increase your programming speed and ability enormously.


GETTING STARTED

Read the relevant chapter in the Sinclair Manual for LOADing a
program from tape cassette.

The program is LOADed using LOAD "" . The program takes
approximately 3 1/4 minutes to LOAD. Once the program has LOADed
it executes a NEW, and the K Cursor is displayed.

To RUN the program you must type: RAND USR 3E4 when the
program will introduce itself. You are now in the COMMAND MODE
of the ASSEMBLER. All commands are initiated with SINGLE KEY
press from here. To return to BASIC type Q (Quit) twice.

If you wish to continue editing an incomplete program:
LOAD the Assembler as described above. Now LOAD the incomplete
program in the usual way. Then type: RAND USR 3E4

If the program present leaves the ASSEMBLER with too little
memory, error 4 is given on typing RAND USR 3E4.




					1



SAVING PROGRAMS

To SAVE a complete or incomplete program, press Q twice to return
to BASIC. You will find a two line BASIC program, plus any other
that you have entered.

				1 REM
				2 REM

Line 1 contains the machine code. Line 2 contains the assembly
language. You may wish at this point to delete either line as
necessary and to SAVE the remaining program in the usual way. The
Assembler will not be saved. This program may be LOADED after
the Assembler has been LOADed for further editing as necessary.
(See getting started). If you have not finished your program, you can
delete the object code (line 1) and SAVE only the source code.
However it is best so SAVE a backup tape containing only the source
code for future ammendments.



					2



THE EDITOR

When you invoke the EDITOR a screen of text entered so far, is
displayed. This will be either at the place where you last left the
EDITOR or from an error during Assembling. (SEE ASSEMBLING)
The EDITOR provides the user with several functions apart from
simply entering text. All the functions are obtained with the SHIFT
Key held down.

Functions:

Press	SHIFT 6	to move the cursor down
	SHIFT 7	to move the cursor up
	SHIFT 8	to move the cursor right
	SHIFT 5	to move the cursor left
	SHIFT 0	to RUBOUT the last character
	SHIFT 9	to INSERT a character at current position
	SHIFT A	to enter a LABEL. Moves cursor to extreme
		left of screen. Only works if cursor in 7th character
		position and if no label is there yet.
	SHIFT D	DELETES current line.
	SHIFT E	INSERTS a line at current cursor position
	SHIFT G	prints text from cursor position onto ZX printer..
	SHIFT Q	QUITS from Search, Line or Editor. Suppose you
		make an error in a line, SHIFT Q restores a line
		to its original state.
	SHIFT S	SEARCH for a string from cursor position. Press
		SHIFT A to search for a label. If not found,
		cursor left in same position.
	SHIFT T	moves the cursor to the top of the text.

There is an AUTO REPEAT on all keys after 1 second.
The EDITOR allows a maximum of 31 characters per line. If you run
out of memory, you will return to COMMAND MODE, and an OUT
OF MEMORY message will appear; the line you have just typed will
have been deleted so that you can return to the EDITOR to squeeze
things up! If a label is to be changed, SHIFT A won't move the
cursor to the left, so use CURSOR LEFT.


SYNTAX OF ASSEMBLER

Once the program has introduced itself, you have the choice of several
commands for the monitor, but we shall first examine the
Editor/Assembler.

To enter the Editor, you type E. The screen will clear and display a
graphic space, seven characters in from the left hand side of the
screen. You are now ready to enter your Assembly Language.



					3



LABELS

The Assembler will accept labels of any string of letters or numbers
starting with a letter immediately followed by:
= constant or Assembly language or - space

To enter a  label, type SHIFT  'A' and the cursor will  move to the
extreme left hand side of the screen. This gives the effect of indenting
the Assembly language and making it easier to read.

Example: Score routine
SCORE1 =	5000
		JR BEGIN	; jump to beginning.
SCORE		00 00		; save 2 bytes for score.
BEGIN		LD HL,(SCORE)	; get the contents of score.
		INC HL		; increment it
		LD (SCORE),HL	; store new score
		LD (SCORE1),HL	; store copy of score at 5000 HEX
		RET

A label may be accessed with an offset of -9 to +9.
	e.g.	LD A,(PTR +4)
		JP 7A3C		; jump to MONITOR
		PTR 1 2 3 4 5 6

A will have the value of 5. If no offset specified, assume it is zero.
A = 1.

|------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|N.B. It is advisable not to use a label with the same name as a register|
|e.g. BC or as a legal number.                                           |
|e.g. ABCD as you will either have error messages on relative jumps      |
|or potentially disastrous consequences.                                 |
|------------------------------------------------------------------------|


TEXT

Any text within speech marks " (SHIFT P) will be Assembled directly
into HEX. This provides both an easy way of entering messages to be
printed, and you may also use text in Assembly language commands.
Example : Print a message
		CALL 7E99		; print text
		"HERE WE ENTER TEXT" FF

Example: Text in Assembly language
			LD A,0			; get initial value
	CHECK		INC A			; add 1 to it
			CP "*"			; check for *
			JR NZ CHECK		; if not goto check
			CALL 7EAA		; print character
			CALL 7E99		; print text
			" IS A * SIGN" FF

Hence it is not necessary to know the character codes.
Any HEX Bytes typed in are also Assembled so if you wish to save
memory, you may type E5 C5 instead of PUSH HL PUSH  BC.



					4


NUMBERS

The Assembler defaults to HEXidecimal (base 16)

		8 bit numbers 0 to FF
		16 bit numbers 000 to FFFF (must be 3 or 4 digits)

Decimal numbers may also be used with a '+' or '-' sign. They will
always be 16 bit numbers.
e.g. +1 is represented by 0001.

The Assembler is intelligent in many respects, in that it treats a
number, wherever possible, as an 8 bit or 16 bit, including decimal,
when needed.
Example: label loads.

	TEST = +64		LD HL, TEST	; 16 bit expected
				LD A, TEST	;  8 bit expected

The label TEST is treated as a 16 bit and 8 bit number where
indicated. If however the Assembler expects an 8 bit number when
the number is greater than FF or +255, a NUMBER ERROR will be
reported when Assembling.
Example:	Numbers

			LD HL,1		; OK
			LD A,+13	; OK
			LD A,101	; Error

When you wish to load a register with a number which is also a
register, you must prefix the number with a 0.
Example			LD A,B	; stores register B in A
			LD A,0B	; stores the number B in A


SEPARATORS

Each instruction may be separated by spaces or end of line.
Spaces may be replaced by multiple spaces with the exception of the
following instructions, which must be entered exactly as below.

		LD_A,I
		LD_I,A	_ space
		LD_R,A
		LD_A,R
		EX_AF		=EX AF,AF'
		EX_DE,HL
		EX_(SP),HL


NON STANDARD MNEMONICS

The following mnemonics are non standard Z80

	EX AF = EX AF,AF'
	IM0 instead of IM_0
	IM1 instead of IM_1
	IM2 instead of IM_2
JP and JR have NO commas e.g. JR NZ +7


COMMENTS

Comments must be preceded with a semi colon ; text after this will
be ignored by the Assembler.




					5


ASSEMBLING

Once you have typed in your Assembly language, you are now ready
to Assemble it, Exit from the Editor using SHIFT Q.
To assemble your program, type A when ASSEMBLE will be printed.
Now press NEWLINE and your program will be Assembled. The
program is Assembled to start at address 4084 HEX or 16516
DECIMAL. This is REM line 1 when you return to BASIC. If you
make an error, an error message will be printed. Typing 'E' will
display the text from the line at which the error occurred.
The error messages you may get are the following:

LABEL ERROR
(1)	Undefined label.
(2)	Illegal label definition, e.g. beginning with a number. If you mis-
	spell a mnemonic, you will probably get this error as it thinks you
	are trying to access a label.

RELATIVE JUMP ERROR
This occurs if the relative jump is out of range. i.e. the jump is
> +127 or < -128 bytes, or if the jump is out of range.

OFFSET ERROR
(1)	Loading a register with a label plus an offset.
	e.g.	LD HL,(FRED + 10)
	only +- 9 allowed.
(2)	Using the index registers plus an offset which is too large.
	IX, IY > +127 or < -128

NUMBER ERROR
This error is reported when you try to use a number too large for the
relevant instruction.
	e.g.	LD A,1000

OUT OF MEMORY
(1)	In Editor when Assembly language is too long.
(2)	During Assembling when not enough room to Assemble the
	program.

STACK ERROR
At the end of execution when too much has been taken or left on
the stack . (See following notes)

SYNTAX ERROR
Reporting all other errors.
	e.g.	ADD A,*.

While developing routines it is not necessary to put a RET at the end
of your routine, as the Assembler ends the routine with a Jump to the
Monitor. This means if there is a Stack error, the system will not
crash. The RET at the end of your program returns you to BASIC.
To RUN your routine, press 'R' RUN FROM ADDR 4084 will be
displayed. Press NEWLINE to run to your routine. The default
address is 4084 (the beginning of the machine code routine). This
may be changed by typing in any address.


|-----------------------------------------------------------------|
|NOTE: ** If an error is reported during assembly, the program can|
|NOT be RUN as it may be only be partly assembled, or not at all  |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------|




					6



MONITOR

ZX-ASSEMBLER also provides a useful Monitor to enable you to
test, de-bug and run your machine code programs. All commands are
initiated with SINGLE KEY press and many may need a 4 digit HEX
address. Press NEWLINE to enter this address. Any entry may be
aborted by pressing Q before NEWLINE.

COMMANDS

A	To ASSEMBLE your program
C	This copies a block of memory from one place to another.
	COPY BLOCK:	FIRST ADDR ...	The first address of the block
					to be copied.
			LAST ADDR ...	The last address of the block
					to be copied.
			TO ADDR ... 	The destination address.
M	This is the Memory EDIT mode, you can enter/edit M/C directly.
	Down the left hand side of the screen is a column of 24 2-byte
	addresses, and beside these is a column of the contents of each
	address. The cursor half-way down indicates the address of the
	memory location that you can changes. To do this, type in a HEX
	number and press NEWLINE. If you press Q before NEWLINE
	then the entry of that number will be aborted. The commands in
	this mode are:
J	Calculates jump displacement for relative jumps: enter the last
	2 digits of the destination address,  press NEWLINE and the
	displacement will be entered at the cursor address.
L	moves  cursor down continuously through  memory  {repeated
	NEWLINE)
NEWLINE	moves cursor down a single step.
O	moves cursor up continuously (repeated P)
P	moves cursor up a single step.
R	repeats the entry of a value: enter your value then press
	NEWLINE. The contents of any address to which the cursor
	points will be changed to your value - any of the cursor move-
	ment commands can be used. To cancel Repeat press Q.
I	Inspect and modify registers. Displays register pairs BC, DE,
	HL and AF. F is also displayed in binary with each flag labelled
	(S=sign, Z=zero, H=half-carry, O=parity/overflow, N=negative or
	minus, C=carry). When you RUN a machine code program, the
	values displayed are put into the registers, and on return the values
	of the registers are recorded. The HEX number you enter will be
	put into the register to which the cursor points. To enter a number
	and move the cursor, press NEWLINE.




					7



S	SEARCH FOR ... 2 byte number to be searched for.
	FROM ADDR ... address from which to start search.
	Searches through all 64K except stack.  Displays address of the
	first occurrence of the number - if you press M, it goes straight
	into the Memory edit mode at that address, or Q to return to
	COMMAND mode. 'NOT FOUND' is displayed if the number
	does not occur.                                                          
R	Runs a machine code routine from address 4084 or the address
	you enter. Return to monitor is by a jump instruction Assembled
	by the Assembler. The jump address is 7AC3. The screen is cleared
	before the program is run. On return to the Monitor waits for any
	Key to be pressed before clearing the screen again and returning
	to COMMAND mode.

|-----------------------------------------------------------------|
|NOTE. Pressing Q (or SHIFT Q in the EDITOR) will always abort    |
|what you are doing whenever the Assembler is waiting for a Key to|
|be pressed.                                                      |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------|




					8


USEFUL ASSEMBLER SUBROUTINES

The Assembler contains many subroutines which you may wish to
use in your program. Here is a list of the more useful ones. The
contents of all the Registers (except F) are preserved unless otherwise
stated. Use the CALL instruction to call the subroutine within your
program, the HEX address is given besides the subroutine name.


CLEAR SCREEN	-	7FB5	Clears screen & homes screen cursor.
HOME		-	7D7D	Returns screen cursor to top left on
				screen.
DISPLAY CHAR	-	7EAA	Display Character code in register A.
				Increments screen cursor (address
				7FD0). Cursor characters (70 - 73 HEX)
				can be used, screen automatically scrolls
				up or down as necessary.
SCROLL UP	-	7F50
SCROLL DOWN	-	7F6A
DISPLAY TEXT	-	7E99	Displays text following CALL
				instruction. End with FF.
				e.g.	CALL 7E99
				"HELLO" FF
				displays HELLO at screen cursor.
HEX NUMBER 	-	7E7E	Displays register A in HEX.
KEYBOARD	-	7E0F	Scans keyboard once. Returns character
				code in A; A=FF if no key was pressed.
1 HEX IN	-	7DC0	Returns the value in A register.
				D=FF if Q pressed.
2 HEX IN	-	7DB7	Returns the value in HL. A is corrupted.
CREATE REM	-	7B4E	Creates a REM line in BASIC DE Max
				addr that can be over written. BC line
				number. HL length not including the
				EA 76.
FIND LINE	-	7AEE	Finds the address of a line in BASIC.
				Input line number in BC.
				Output address in HL.
DELETE LINE	-	7B76	Deletes a line in BASIC
				Input line number in BC.
COPY BLOCK	-	7BEE	Copies a block of memory as in the
				COPY command in the Monitor.
			     1st Address in BC  beginning of block.
			     2nd Address in DE  end of block.
			     3rd Address in HL  new start address.
NEWLINE		-	7F8A	Causes a NEWLINE (carriage return)
		-	7A3C	Return address to Assembler.



					9



HINTS FOR THE BEGINNER

				|---------------|
				|DON'T PANIC !!!|
				|---------------|

Machine code is not a mysterious art practised by ice-cool whizz
kids with electrons coursing through their veins, it is just another
means of programming like BASIC. You must be more careful than
with BASIC as there are no error messages when you actually execute
a program. If you make bad mistakes, the usual result is the system
Crashing. However, using the Assembler and Monitor and following a
few simple rules, you will soon be able to write, de-bug and success-
fully execute machine code.

RULES

(1)	Preserve your environment. Save all the registers within Sub-
	routines by PUSHing them on the Stack. Before Returning recover
	them in the opposite order to which they were SAVEd.

	e.g.	LD A,27		; set A to a value
		PUSH HL		; save HL
		PUSH BC		; save BC
		CALL 7EAA	; print character in A
		POP BC		; recover BC
		POP HL		; recover HL

Remember : with Stacks - last ON, first OFF.

(2)	Everything  placed on the Stack, within a Subroutine, must be
	taken off within the same routine, or before a RET is met.
	Suppose FRED is a printing Subroutine

	FRED	LD A,17		; set A to a value
		PUSH AF		; save AF
		CALL 7EAA	; print character
		RET		; return ?

This routine would Crash as there should be a POP AF before the
RET.

(3)	Remember where your Stack is. Don't locate a machine code
	routine too close to the Stack, this is because the Stack may
	corrupt the routine when it fills up.

(4)	Relative jumps have a limit from the current position
		+127 bytes forward
		-128 bytes backwards.

(5)	Read as much information as you can about programming.

(6)	Put things in subroutines as mach as reasonably possible.


RECOMMENDED BOOKS

Machine Language programming made simple for your Sinclair.
Understanding your ZX81 ROM Melbourne House
Programming the Z80 ZAKS Sybex
Z80 Instruction Handbook.




					10



SAMPLE PROGRAMS

This  program shows you  how the galaxy  may  look in a space ship.

	LD BC,+7680		; counter for number of repeats
BEG1	CALL RND		; get random number
	CP B
	JR NC STAR
	LD A, 97		; store code for *
	JR AGAIN
STAR	CP C
	JR NC BLAN
FREE	LD A,80			; store code for graphic space
	JR AGAIN
BLAN	CALL RND
	CP 7D
	JR C FREE
	LD A,9B			; store code for graphic
AGAIN	CALL 7EAA		; print stored character
	DEC BC			; decrement counter
	LD A,B
	OR C			; check if zero
	JR NZ BEG1		; if not repeat
	RET
RND	LD A,R			; put random number in A
	RES 7,A			; make in range 0-128
	RET


This program slowly lands a space ship:

	LD DE,+700
LOOP	CALL 7E99
	"++=-" 72 72 72 72 FF	; print space ship
	DEC DE
	LD B,0			; delay
	DJNZ -2
	LD A,D
	OR E			; count = 0
	JR NZ LOOP		; if no, loop back
	CALL 7E99
	76 "**LANDED**" FF





					11



MYSTERY PROGRAM

START	LD HL,START
	LD DE, NEXT+1
	LD B,5
LOOP	PUSH BC
	LD B,0
	LD A,(DE)
	LD C,A
	PUSH HL
	ADD HL,BC
	LD A,(HL)
	LD H,+57
	SCF
	CALL 7EAA
	LD L,0
	DEC HL
CONT	DEC HL	LD A,H OR L
	JR Z 3	SCF JR CONT
	POP HL	POP BC
	INC DE
	DJNZ LOOP
	DEC D
NEXT	RLB
	LD (DE),A
	LD DE,1C16
	JP 7A3C




					12



This program displays message vertically in large letters.

	JR START
MES	"HI THERE THIS IS"	; message
	"YOUR ZX81" FF		; end with FF
TMP	00
START	LD DE,MES		; DE is character pointer
NXTC	LD A,(DE)		; get character
	CP FF			; is end ?
	JR Z END
	AND 7F			; ignore reverse
	LD H,0 LD L,A
	ADD HL,HL		; multiply by 8 to
	ADD HL,HL		; give offset into
	ADD HL,HL		; character table
	LD BC,1E00		; Add in base address
	ADD HL,BC		; of character table
	LD B,8			; loop for character
NXTL	PUSH BC			; save count
	LD A,(HL)		; get row in this character
	LD (TMP),A		; store it at TMP
	LD B,8			; bit count of row
NXTB	LD A,(TMP)
	RLA
	LD (TMP),A		; check bit
	LD A,(DE)
	JR C DISP		; if set GOTO DISP
	BIT 7,A			; check for inverse
	JR Z 4
	LD A,80 JR 1		; A=80 for inverse
	XOR A			; A=0 for non inverse
DISP	CALL 7EAA		; print character
	DJNZ NXTB		; next bit
	CALL 7E99 76FF		; display newline
	INC HL
	POP BC
	DJNZ NXTL		; next row of character
	INC DE
	JR NXTC			; get next character
	END			; of message




					13



				Z80 INSTRUCTION CODES

---------------------------------	---------------------------------
|OBJ		SOURCE		|	|OBJ		SOURCE		|
|CODE		STATEMENT	|	|CODE		STATEMENT	|
|				|	|				|
|8E		ADC	A,(HL)	|	|E620		AND	n	|
|DD8E05		ADC	A,(IX+d)|	|CB46		BIT	0,(HL)	|
|FD8E05		ADC	A,(IY+d)|	|DDCB0546	BIT	0,(IX+d)|
|8F		ADC	A,A	|	|FDCB0546	BIT	0,(IY+d)|
|88		ADC	A,B	|	|CB47		BIT	0,A	|
|89		ADC	A,C	|	|CB40		BIT	0,8	|
|8A		ADC	A,D	|	|CB41		BIT	0,C	|
|8B		ADC	A,E	|	|CB42		BIT	0,D	|
|8C		ADC	A,H	|	|CB43		BIT	0,E	|
|8D		ADC	A,L	|	|CB44		BIT	0,H	|
|CE20		ADC	A,n	|	|CB45		BIT	0,L	|
|ED4A		ADC	HL,BC	|	|CB4E		BIT	1,(HL)	|
|ED5A		ADC	HL,DE	|	|DDCB054E	BIT	1,(IX+d)|
|ED6A		ADC	HL,HL	|	|FDCB054E	BIT	1,(IY+d)|
|ED7A		ADC	HL,SP	|	|CB4F		BIT	1,A	|
|8E		ADD	A,(HL)	|	|CB48		BIT	1,B	|
|DD8605		ADD	A,(IX+d)|	|CB49		BIT	1,C	|
|FD8605		ADD	A,(IY+d)|	|CB4A		BIT	1,D	|
|87		ADD	A,A	|	|CB4B		BIT	1,E	|
|80		ADD	A,B	|	|CB4C		BIT	1,H	|
|81		ADD	A,C	|	|CB4D		BIT	1,L	|
|82		ADD	A,D	|	|CB56		BIT	2,(HL)	|
|83		ADD	A,E	|	|DDCB0556	BIT	2,(IX+d)|
|84		ADD	A,H	|	|FDCB0556	BIT	2,(IY+d)|
|85		ADD	A,L	|	|CB57		BIT	2,A	|
|C62D		ADD	A,n	|	|CB50		BIT	2,3	|
|09		ADD	HL,BC	|	|CB51		BIT	2,C	|
|19		ADD	HL,DE	|	|CB52		BIT	2,D	|
|29		ADD	HL,HL	|	|CB53		BIT	2,E	|
|39		ADD	HL,SP	|	|CB54		BIT	2,H	|
|DD09		ADD	IX,BC	|	|CB55		BIT	2,L	|
|DD19		ADD	IX,DE	|	|CB5E		BIT	3,(HL)	|
|DD29		ADD	IX,IX	|	|DDCB055E	BIT	3,(IX+d)|
|DD39		ADD	IX,SP	|	|FDCB055E	BIT	3,(IY+d)|
|FD09		ADD	IY,BC	|	|C35F		BIT	3,A	|
|FD19		ADD	IY,DE	|	|CB58		BIT	3,B	|
|FD29		ADD	IY,IY	|	|CB59		BIT	3,C	|
|FD39		ADD	IY,SP	|	|CB5A		BIT	3,D	|
|A6		AND	(HL)	|	|CB5B		BIT	3,E	|
|DDA605		AND	(IX+d)	|	|CB5C		BIT	3,H	|
|FDA605		AND	(IY+d)	|	|CB5D		BIT	3,L	|
|A7		AND	A	|	|CB66		BIT	4,(HL)	|
|A0		AND	B	|	|DDCB0566	BIT	4,(IX+d)|
|A1		AND	C	|	|FDCB0566	BIT	4,(IY+d)|
|A2		AND	D	|	|CB67		BIT	4,A	|
|A3		AND	E	|	|CB50		BIT	4,B	|
|A4		AND	H	|	|CB61		BIT	4,C	|
|A5		AND	L	|	|CB62		BIT	4,D	|
---------------------------------	---------------------------------



					14




|-------------------------------|	|-------------------------------|
|OBJ		SOURCE		|	|OBJ		SOURCE		|
|CODE		STATEMENT	|	|CODE		STATEMENT	|
|				|	|				|
|CB63		BIT	4,E	|	|ADB1		CPIR		|
|CB64		BIT	4,H	|	|EDA1		CPI		|
|CB65		BIT	4,L	|	|2F		CPL		|
|CB6E		BIT	5,(HL)	|	|27		DAA		|
|DDCB056E	BIT	5,(IX+d)|	|35		DEC	(HL)	|
|FDCB056E	BIT	5,(IY+d)|	|DD3505		DEC	(IX+d)	|
|CB6F		BIT	5,A	|	|FD3505		DEC	(IY+d)	|
|CB68		BIT	5,B	|	|3D		DEC	A	|
|CB69		BIT	5,C	|	|05		DEC	B	|
|CB6A		BIT	5,D	|	|0B		DEC	BC	|
|C86B		BIT	5,E	|	|0D		DEC	C	|
|C86C		BIT	5,H	|	|15		DEC	D	|
|C86D		BIT	5,L	|	|1B		DEC	DE	|
|CB76		BIT	6,(HL)	|	|1D		DEC	E	|
|DDCB0576	BIT	6,(lX+d)|	|25		DEC	H	|
|FDCB0576	BIT	6,(IY+d)|	|2B		DEC	HL	|
|CB77		BIT	6,A	|	|DD2B		DEC	IX	|
|CB70		BIT	6,B	|	|FD2B		DEC	IY	|
|CB71		BIT	6,C	|	|2D		DEC	L	|
|CB72		BIT	6,D	|	|3B		DEC	SP	|
|CB73		BIT	6,E	|	|F3		DI		|
|CB74		BIT	6,H	|	|FB		EI		|
|CB75		BIT	6,L	|	|102E		DJNZ	e	|
|CB7E		BIT	7,(HL)	|	|E3		EX	(SP),HL	|
|DDCB057E	BIT	7,(IX+d)|	|DDE3		EX	(SP),IX	|
|FDCB057E	BIT	7,(IY+d)|	|FDE3		EX	(SP),IY	|
|CB7F		BIT	7,A	|	|08		EX	AF	|
|CB78		BIT	7,B	|	|EB		EX	DE,HL	|
|CB79		BIT	7,C	|	|D9		EXX		|
|CB7A		BIT	7,D	|	|76		HALT		|
|CB7B		BIT	7,E	|	|ED46		IM0		|
|CB7C		BIT	7,H	|	|ED56		IM1		|
|CB7D		BIT	7,L	|	|ED5E		IM2		|
|DC8405		CALL	C,nn	|	|ED78		IN	A,(C)	|
|FC8405		CALL	M,nn	|	|ED40		IN	B,(C)	|
|D48405		CALL	NC,nn	|	|ED48		IN	C,(C)	|
|C48405		CALL	NZ,nn	|	|ED50		IN	D,(C)	|
|F48405		CALL	P,nn	|	|ED58		IN	E,(C)	|
|EC8405		CALL	PE,nn	|	|ED60		IN	H,(C)	|
|E48405		CALL	PO,nn	|	|ED6B		IN	L,(C)	|
|CCB405		CALL	Z,nn	|	|34		INC	(HL)	|
|CD8405		CALL	nn	|	|DD3405		INC	(IX+d)	|
|3F		CCF		|	|FD3405		INC	(IY+d)	|
|BE		CP	(HL)	|	|3C		INC	A	|
|DDBE05		CP	(IX+d)	|	|04		INC	B	|
|FDBE05		CP	(IY+d)	|	|03		INC	BC	|
|BF		CP	A	|	|0C		INC	C	|
|B8		CP	B	|	|14		INC	D	|
|B9		CP	C	|	|13		INC	DE	|
|BA		CP	D	|	|1C		INC	E	|
|BB		CP	E	|	|24		INC	H	|
|BC		CP	H	|	|23		INC	HL	|
|BD		CP	L	|	|DD23		INC	IX	|
|FE20		CP	n	|	|FD23		INC	IY	|
|EDA9		CPD		|	|2C		INC	L	|
|EDB9		CPDR		|	|33		INC	SP	|
|				|	|DB20		IN	A,(n)	|
|-------------------------------|	|-------------------------------|

					15




|-------------------------------|	|-------------------------------|
|OBJ		SOURCE		|	|OBJ		SOURCE		|
|CODE		STATEMENT	|	|CODE		STATEMENT	|
|				|	|				|
|FDAA		IND		|	|DD7E05		LD	A,(IX+d)|
|ED8A		INDR		|	|FD7E05		LD	A,(IY+d)|
|EDA2		INI		|	|3A8405		LD	A,(nn)	|
|EDB2		INIR		|	|7F		LD	A,A	|
|C38405		JP	nn	|	|78		LD	A,B	|
|F9		JP	(HL)	|	|79		LD	A,C	|
|DDE9		JP	(IX)	|	|7A		LD	A,D	|
|FDE9		JP	(IY)	|	|7B		LD	A,E	|
|DA8405		JP	C,nn	|	|7C		LD	A,H	|
|FA8405		JP	M,nn	|	|ED57		LD	A,I	|
|D28405		JP	NC,nn	|	|7D		LD	A,L	|
|C28405		JP	NZ,nn	|	|3E20		LD	A,n	|
|F28405		JP	P,nn	|	|ED5F		LD	A,H	|
|EA8405		JP	PE,nn	|	|46		LD	B,(HL)	|
|E28405		JP	PO,nn	|	|DD4605		LD	B,(IX+d)|
|CA8405		JP	Z,nn	|	|FD4605		LD	B,(IY+d)|
|382E		JR	C,e	|	|47		LD	B,A	|
|302E		JR	NC,e	|	|40		LD	B,B	|
|202E		JR	NZ,e	|	|41		LD	B,C	|
|282E		JR	Z,e	|	|42		LD	B,D	|
|182E		JR	e	|	|43		LD	B,E	|
|02		LD	(BC),A	|	|44		LD	B,H	|
|12		LD	(DE),A	|	|45		LD	B,L	|
|32		LD	(HL),a	|	|0620		LD	B,n	|
|70		LD	(HL),B	|	|ED488405	LD	BC,(nn)	|
|71		LD	(HL),C	|	|018405		LD	BC,nn	|
|72		LD	(HL),D	|	|4E		LD	C,(HL)	|
|73		LD	(HL),E	|	|DD4E05		LD	C,(IX+d)|
|74		LD	(HL),H	|	|FD4E05		LD	C,(IY+d)|
|75		LD	(HL),L	|	|4F		LD	C,A	|
|3620		LD	(HL),n	|	|48		LD	C,B	|
|DD7705		LD	(IX+d),A|	|49		LD	C,C	|
|DD7005		LD	(IX+d),B|	|4A		LD	C,D	|
|DD7105		LD	(IX+d),C|	|4B		LD	C,E	|
|DD7205		LD	(IX+d),D|	|4C		LD	C,H	|
|DD7305		LD	(IX+d),E|	|4D		LD	C,L	|
|DD7405		LD	(IX+d),H|	|0E20		LD	C,n	|
|DD7505		LD	(IX+d),L|	|56		LD	D,(HL)	|
|DD360520	LD	(IX+d),n|	|DD5605		LD	D,(IX+d)|
|FD7705		LD	(IY+d),A|	|FD5605		LD	D,(IY+d)|
|FD7005		LD	(IY+d),B|	|57		LD	D,A	|
|FD7105		LD	(IY+d),C|	|50		LD	D,B	|
|FD7205		LD	(IY+d),D|	|51		LD	D,C	|
|FD7305		LD	(IY+d),E|	|52		LD	D,D	|
|FD7405		LD	(IY+d),H|	|53		LD	D,E	|
|FD7505		LD	(IY+d),L|	|54		LD	D,H	|
|FD360520	LD	(IY+d),n|	|55		LD	D,L	|
|328405		LD	(nn),A	|	|1620		LD	D,n	|
|ED438405	LD	(nn),BC	|	|ED588405	LD	DE,(nn)	|
|ED538405	LD	(nn),DE	|	|118405		LD	DE,nn	|
|228405		LD	(nn),HL	|	|5E		LD	E,(HL)	|
|DD228405	LD	(nn),IX	|	|DD5E05		LD	E,(IX+d)|
|ED228405	LD	(nn),IY	|	|FD5E05		LD	E,(IY+d)|
|ED238405	LD	(nn),SP	|	|5F		LD	E,A	|
|0A		LD	A,(BC)	|	|58		LD	E,B	|
|1A		LD	A,(DE)	|	|59		LD	E,C	|
|7E		LD	A,(HL)	|	|5A		LD	E,D	|
|-------------------------------|	|-------------------------------|

					16




|-------------------------------|	|-------------------------------|
|OBJ		SOURCE		|	|OBJ		SOURCE		|
|CODE		STATEMENT	|	|CODE		STATEMENT	|
|				|	|				|
|5B		LD	E,E	|	|EDB3		OTIR		|
|5C		LD	E,H	|	|ED79		OUT	(C)A	|
|5D		LD	E,L	|	|ED41		OUT	(C)B	|
|1E20		LD	E,n	|	|ED48		OUT	(C)C	|
|66		LD	H,(HL)	|	|ED51		OUT	(C)D	|
|DD6605		LD	H,(IX+d)|	|ED49		OUT	(C)E	|
|FD6605		LD	H,(IY+d)|	|ED61		OUT	(C)H	|
|67		LD	H,A	|	|ED69		OUT	(C)L	|
|60		LD	H,B	|	|D320		OUT	(n)A	|
|61		LD	H,C	|	|EDAB		OUTD		|
|62		LD	H,D	|	|EDA3		OUTI		|
|63		LD	H,E	|	|F1		POP	AF	|
|64		LD	H,H	|	|C1		POP	BC	|
|65		LD	H,L	|	|D1		POP	DE	|
|2620		LD	H,n	|	|E1		POP	HL	|
|2A8405		LD	HL(nn)	|	|DDE1		POP	IX	|
|218405		LD	HL,nn	|	|FDE1		POP	IY	|
|ED47		LD	I,A	|	|F5		PUSH	AF	|
|DD2A8405	LD	IX,(nn)	|	|C5		PUSH	BC	|
|DD218405	LD	IX,nn	|	|D5		PUSH	DE	|
|FD2AB405	LD	IY,(nn)	|	|E5		PUSH	HL	|
|FD218405	LD	IY,nn	|	|DDE5		PUSH	IX	|
|6E		LD	L,(HL)	|	|FDE5		PUSH	IY	|
|DD6E05		LD	L,(IX+d)|	|CB86		RES	0,(HL)	|
|FD6E05		LD	L,(IY+d)|	|DDCB0586	RES	0,(IX+d)|
|6F		LD	L,A	|	|FDCB0586	RES	0,(IY+d)|
|68		LD	L,B	|	|CB87		RES	0,A	|
|69		LD	L,C	|	|CB80		RES	0,B	|
|6A		LD	L,D	|	|CB81		RES	0,C	|
|6B		LD	L,E	|	|CB82		RES	0,D	|
|6C		LD	L,H	|	|CB83		RES	0,E	|
|6D		LD	L,L	|	|CB84		RES	0,H	|
|2E20		LD	L,n	|	|CB85		RES	0,L	|
|ED4F		LD	R,A	|	|CB8E		RES	1,(HL)	|
|ED7B8405	LD	SP,(nn)	|	|DDCB058E	RES	1,(IX+d)|
|F9		LD	SP,HL	|	|FDCB058E	RES	1,(IY+d)|
|DDF9		LD	SP,IX	|	|CB8F		RES	1,A	|
|FDF9		LD	SP,IY	|	|CB88		RES	1,B	|
|318405		LD	SP,nn	|	|CB89		RES	1,C	|
|EDA8		LDD		|	|CB8A		RES	1,D	|
|EDB8		LDDR		|	|CB8B		RES	1,E	|
|EDA0		LDI		|	|CB8C		RES	1,H	|
|EDB0		LDIR		|	|CB8D		RES	1,L	|
|ED44		NEG		|	|CB96		RES	2,(HL)	|
|00		NOP		|	|DDCB0596	RES	2,(IX+d)|
|B6		OR	(HL)	|	|FDCB0596	RES	2,(IY+d)|
|DDB605		OR	(IX+d)	|	|CB97		RES	2,A	|
|FDB605		OR	(IY+d)	|	|CB90		RES	2,B	|
|B7		OR	A	|	|CB91		RES	2,C	|
|B0		OR	B	|	|CB92		RES	2,D	|
|B1		OR	C	|	|CB93		RES	2,E	|
|B2		OR	D	|	|CB94		RES	2,H	|
|B3		OR	E	|	|CB95		RES	2,L	|
|B4		OR	H	|	|CB9E		RES	3,(HL)	|
|B5		OR	L	|	|DDCB059E	RES	3,(IX+d)|
|F620		OR	n	|	|FDCB059E	RES	3,(IY+d)|
|ED8B		OTDR		|	|				|
|-------------------------------|	|-------------------------------|

					17




|-------------------------------|	|-------------------------------|
|OBJ		SOURCE		|	|OBJ		SOURCE		|
|CODE		STATEMENT	|	|CODE		STATEMENT	|
|				|	|				|
|CB9F		RES	3,A	|	|ED4D		RETI		|
|CB98		RES	3,B	|	|ED45		RETIM		|
|CB39		RES	3,C	|	|CB16		RL	(HL)	|
|C89A		RES	3,D	|	|DDC80516	RL	(IX+d)	|
|CB9B		RES	3,E	|	|FDC80516	RL	(IY+d)	|
|CB9C		RES	3,H	|	|CB17		RL	A	|
|CB9D		RES	3,L	|	|CB10		RL	B	|
|CBA6		RES	4,(HL)	|	|CB11		RL	C	|
|DDCB05A6	RES	4,(IX+d)|	|CB12		RL	D	|
|FDCB05A6	RES	4,(IY+d)|	|CB13		RL	E	|
|CBA7		RES	4,A	|	|CB14		RL	H	|
|CBA0		RES	4,B	|	|CB15		RL	L	|
|CBA1		RES	4,C	|	|17		RLA		|
|CBA2		RES	4,D	|	|CB06		RLC	(HL)	|
|DBA3		RES	4,E	|	|DDCB0506	RLC	(IX+d)	|
|CBA4		RES	4,H	|	|FDCB0506	RLC	(IY+d)	|
|CBA5		RES	4,L	|	|CB07		RLC	A	|
|CBAE		RES	5,(HL)	|	|CB00		RLC	B	|
|DDCB05AE	RES	5,(IX+d)|	|CB01		RLC	C	|
|FDCB05AE	RES	5,(IY+d)|	|CB02		RLC	D	|
|CBAF		RES	5,A	|	|CB03		RLC	E	|
|CBA8		RES	5,8	|	|CB04		RLC	H	|
|CBA9		RES	5,C	|	|CB05		RLC	L	|
|CBAA		RES	5,D	|	|07		RLCA		|
|CBAB		RES	5,E	|	|ED6F		RLD		|
|CBAC		RES	5,H	|	|CB1E		RR	(HL)	|
|CBAD		RES	5,L	|	|DDCB051E	RR	(IX+d)	|
|CBB6		RES	6,(HL)	|	|FDCB051E	RR	(IY+d)	|
|DDCB05B6	RES	6,(IX+d)|	|CB1F		RR	A	|
|FDCB05B6	RES	6,(IY+d)|	|CB18		RR	B	|
|CBB7		RES	6,A	|	|CB19		RR	C	|
|CBB0		RES	6,B	|	|CB1A		RR	D	|
|CBB1		RES	6,C	|	|CB1B		RR	E	|
|CBB2		RES	6,D	|	|CB1C		RR	H	|
|C6B3		RES	6,E	|	|CB1D		RR	L	|
|CBB4		RES	6,H	|	|1F		RRA		|
|CBB5		RES	6,L	|	|CB0E		RRC	(HL)	|
|CBBE		RES	7,(HL)	|	|DDCB050E	RRC	(IX+d)	|
|DDCB05BE	RES	7,(IX+d)|	|FDCB050E	RRC	(IY+d)	|
|FDCB05BE	RES	7,(IY+d)|	|CB0F		RRC	A	|
|CBBF		RES	7,A	|	|CB08		RRC	B	|
|CBB8		RES	7,B	|	|CB09		RRC	C	|
|CBB9		RES	7,C	|	|CB0A		RRC	D	|
|C8BA		RES	7,D	|	|CB0B		RRC	E	|
|CBBB		RES	7,E	|	|CB0C		RRC	H	|
|CBBC		RES	7,H	|	|CB0D		RRC	L	|
|CBBD		RES	7,L	|	|0F		RRCA		|
|C9		RET		|	|ED67		RRD		|
|D8		RET	C	|	|C7		RST	00H	|
|F8		RET	M	|	|CF		RST	08H	|
|D0		RET	NC	|	|D7		RST	10H	|
|C0		RET	NZ	|	|DF		RST	18H	|
|F0		RET	P	|	|E7		RST	20H	|
|E8		RET	PE	|	|EF		RST	28H	|
|E0		RET	PO	|	|F7		RST	30H	|
|C8		RET	Z	|	|FF		RST	38H	|
|				|	|DE20		SBC	A,n	|
|-------------------------------|	|-------------------------------|




					18




|-------------------------------|	|-------------------------------|
|OBJ		SOURCE		|	|OBJ		SOURCE		|
|CODE		STATEMENT	|	|CODE		STATEMENT	|
|				|	|				|
|9E		SBC	A,(HL)	|	|DDCB05E6	SET	4,(IX+d)|
|DD9E05		SBC	A,(IX+d)|	|FDCB05E6	SET	4,(IY+d)|
|FD9E05		SBC	A,(IY+d)|	|CBE7		SET	4,A	|
|9F		SBC	A,A	|	|CBE0		SET	4,B	|
|98		SBC	A,B	|	|CBE1		SET	4,C	|
|99		SBC	A,C	|	|CBE2		SET	4,D	|
|9A		SBC	A,D	|	|CBE3		SET	4,E	|
|9B		SBC	A,E	|	|CBE4		SET	4,H	|
|9C		SBC	A,H	|	|CBE5		SET	4,L	|
|9D		SBC	A,L	|	|CBEE		SET	5,(HL)	|
|ED42		SBC	HL,BC	|	|DDCB05EE	SET	5,(IX+d)|
|ED52		SBC	HL,DE	|	|FDCB05EE	SET	5,(IY+d)|
|ED62		SBC	HL,HL	|	|CBEF		SET	5,A	|
|ED72		SBC	HL,SP	|	|CBE8		SET	5,B	|
|37		SCF		|	|CBE9		SET	5,C	|
|CBC6		SET	0,(HL)	|	|CBEA		SET	5,D	|
|DDCB05C6	SET	0,(IX+d)|	|CBEB		SET	5,E	|
|FDCB05C6	SET	0,(IY+d)|	|CBEC		SET	5,H	|
|CBC7		SET	0,A	|	|CBED		SET	5,L	|
|CBC0		SET	0,B	|	|CBF6		SET	6,(HL)	|
|CBC1		SET	0,C	|	|DDCB05F6	SET	6,(IX+d)|
|CBC2		SET	0,D	|	|FDCB05F6	SET	6,(IY+d)|
|CBC3		SET	0,E	|	|CBF7		SET	6,A	|
|CBC4		SET	0,H	|	|CBF0		SET	6,B	|
|CBC5		SET	0,L	|	|CBF1		SET	6,C	|
|CBCE		SET	1,(HL)	|	|CBF2		SET	6,D	|
|DDCB05CE	SET	1,(IX+d)|	|CBF3		SET	6,E	|
|FDCB05CE	SET	1,(IY+d)|	|CBF4		SET	6,H	|
|CBCF		SET	1,A	|	|CBF5		SET	6,L	|
|CBC8		SET	1,B	|	|CBFE		SET	7,(HL)	|
|CBC9		SET	1,C	|	|DDCB05FE	SET	7,(IX+d)|
|CBCA		SET	1,D	|	|FDCB05FE	SET	7,(IY+d)|
|CBCB		SET	1,E	|	|CBFF		SET	7,A	|
|CBCC		SET	1,H	|	|CBF8		SET	7,B	|
|CBCD		SET	1,L	|	|CBF9		SET	7,C	|
|CBD6		SET	2,(HL)	|	|CBFA		SET	7,D	|
|DDCB05D6	SET	2,(IX+d)|	|CBFB		SET	7,E	|
|FDCB05D6	SET	2,(IY+d)|	|CBFC		SET	7,H	|
|CBD7		SET	2,A	|	|CBFD		SET	7,L	|
|CBD0		SET	2,B	|	|CB26		SLA	(HL)	|
|CBD1		SET	2,C	|	|DDCB0526	SLA	(IX+d)	|
|CBD2		SET	2,D	|	|FDCB0526	SLA	(IY+d)	|
|CBD3		SET	2,E	|	|CB27		SLA	A	|
|CBD4		SET	2,H	|	|CB20		SLA	B	|
|CBD5		SET	2,L	|	|CB21		SLA	C	|
|CBD8		SET	3,B	|	|CB22		SLA	D	|
|CBDE		SET	3,(HL)	|	|CB23		SLA	E	|
|DDCB05DE	SET	3,(IX+d)|	|CB24		SLA	H	|
|FDCB05DE	SET	3,(IY+d)|	|CB25		SLA	L	|
|CBDF		SET	3,A	|	|CB2E		SRA	(HL)	|
|CBD9		SET	3,C	|	|DDCB052E	SRA	(IX+d)	|
|CBDA		SET	3,D	|	|FDCB052E	SRA	(IY+d)	|
|CBDB		SET	3,E	|	|CB2F		SRA	A	|
|CBDC		SET	3,H	|	|CB28		SRA	B	|
|CBDD		SET	3,L	|	|CB29		SRA	C	|
|CBE6		SET	4,(HL)	|	|CB2A		SRA	D	|
|-------------------------------|	|-------------------------------|





					19




|-------------------------------|
|OBJ		SOURCE		|
|CODE		STATEMENT	|
|				|
|CB2B		SRA	E	|
|CB2C		SRA	H	|
|CB2D		SRA	L	|
|CB3E		SRL	(HL)	|
|DDCB053E	SRL	(IX+d)	|
|FDCB053E	SRL	(IY+d)	|
|CB3F		SRL	A	|
|CB38		SRL	B	|
|CB39		SRL	C	|
|CB3A		SRL	D	|
|CB3B		SRL	E	|
|CB3C		SRL	H	|
|CB3D		SRL	L	|
|96		SUB	(HL)	|
|DD9605		SUB	(IX+d)	|
|FD9605		SUB	(IY+d)	|
|97		SUB	A	|
|90		SUB	B	|
|91		SUB	C	|
|92		SUB	D	|
|93		SUB	E	|
|94		SUB	H	|
|95		SUB	L	|
|D620		SUB	n	|
|AE		XOR	(HL)	|
|DDAE05		XOR	(IX+d)	|
|FDAE05		XOR	(IY+d)	|
|AF		XOR	A	|
|A8		XOR	B	|
|A9		XOR	C	|
|AA		XOR	D	|
|AB		XOR	E	|
|AC		XOR	H	|
|AD		XOR	L	|
|EE20		XOR	n	|
|-------------------------------|










					20





OCR'd and converted to text format by Gerard Sweeney, 13/01/05 for
World of Spectrum.

Proof-reading has been done to the best of my ability, given
the fairly low resolution of the original scans. If you do find
any errors, the Speccy scene would appreciate it if you could
upload a corrected version to WoS.